Trimming our vocabulary

Americans say 'soccer' instead of 'football' for this reason

Have you ever wondered why we say ‘fab’ for fabulous, or ‘uni’ for university? A natural characteristic of most languages is that speakers, even if they don't realize it, try to say the most amount of things with the least amount of words possible. This can be done in many ways, including by shortening the word to its smallest form. While in some cases the short and the long versions are used at the same time, many terms that we don’t think twice about actually have a longer version. Keep on reading to discover the original form of these everyday words.

Public establishments dedicated to selling alcohol are as old as time and have gone by several names over the centuries. In English, taverns, alehouses, and inns existed way before the word ‘pub’ was in use. Where did it come from, then? In the 17th century, the term ‘public house’ began to be used to distinguish these establishments from private houses and residences, and the shortened version of ‘pub’ was registered for the first time in 1859.

Buses weren't always machines. The first recorded bus dates back to 1823 in Nantes, France, where a horse-drawn carriage service transported passengers to the public baths. The service was called Omnes Omnibus, Latin for ‘everything for everyone’. The omnibus part remained and was adopted into English to refer to public transport, later shortened to ‘bus’.

While we still use the full word ‘refrigerator’ in English, ‘fridge’ is now a word in its own right. But how did it get to that form? As modern refrigerators became increasingly more common in the 20th century, people started shortening their name to ‘frig’, but this form sounded harsher than the original. To capture the sound of the g in ‘refrigerator’, writers started writing the word as ‘fridge’, mirroring the spelling of words like ‘bridge’ or ‘lodge’.

Many think that Americans use the term soccer because a sport named football was already popular in the U.S., and they are only half right. Originally, there were several sports named football: Rugby football (now, just rugby), Association football (soccer), and Gridiron football (football). In the late 19th century, English students started shortening Association football to ‘assoc’ and then to ‘soccer’, a name that became popular and coexisted with the term ‘football’ for a long time. While ultimately ‘football’ became the more widespread term for the sport, in America, due to the popularity of Gridiron football, the name ‘soccer’ remained.

The word ‘perk’ has many meanings, but not all are a shortened version of another word. The word ‘perquisite’ comes from the Latin perquisitum, meaning ‘something carefully sought or acquired’. In the 19th century, it was shortened to ‘perk’, which has now evolved to mean a benefit or an extra, usually related to a job or salary.

While ‘mistress’ often has a negative connotation in modern English, this was not always the case. Originally, ‘mistress’ was the feminine version of ‘master’, as in ‘the head of a household’. Around the 1600s, it was shortened to ‘miss’, and both ‘mistress’ and ‘miss’ were used for the lady of the house. Eventually, ‘miss’ came to be used for young, unmarried ladies, while ‘mistress’ evolved into ‘Mrs’ (pronounced missus).

Have you ever heard the word ‘acute’ used to describe a sharp pain or a sharp-witted person? Believe it or not, it is related to the word we use to talk about charming and pretty things and people. While acute —and its shortened version, ‘cute’— originally meant ‘perceptive’ or ‘sharp’, it became a slang word for clever, fetching, or pretty things in the 19th century. Eventually, the meaning broadened to include physical appearances.

Middle English had many gender neutral terms to refer to people —think ‘child’ or ‘sibling’, for example— and ‘girl’ was one of these terms. Originally gyrle or girle, it was used to describe any small child, regardless of their sex, and adjectives were added to specify if it was male or female. Around the 15th and 16th centuries, the meaning shifted to refer to young females, while also becoming an affectionate term for women of all ages.

‘Taxi’ and ‘cab’ are used interchangeably for a vehicle with a hired driver, and many people have at least once heard the term ‘taxicab’, now practically obsolete. But what if we tell you that taxicab is not the original term either? A taximeter (a mix of taxa, ‘charge’, and metron, ‘measure’) was an instrument used to measure and determine a fare, while a cabriolet was a light, horse-drawn carriage. The first automatic taximeter was invented in Germany in 1891, and attached to horse carriages and later to automobiles. These vehicles were initially called taximeter cabs, then taxicabs, and ultimately just taxis or cabs.

Ask any high school student, and most of them will agree that prom is a major rite of passage of adolescence. This tradition is derived from high society formal dances that gave young people the opportunity to practice their social skills and make acquaintances. But what does ‘prom’ mean? The original term is ‘promenade’, a word you may recognize in relation to walkways and avenues, a French term used for a leisurely walk or stroll. In high society events, ‘promenade’ was used for the initial formal parade of the guests, which gave them the chance to show off their attire. Eventually, it came to refer to the event itself.

What’s your nickname?

From geek to bookworm: These 12 nicknames turned into real words

Image: Philippe Yuan

All words come from somewhere; many began as nicknames given to people who, for better or worse, inspired the terms bestowed upon them. A lot of the expressions we throw around, like "bookworm" or "couch potato," actually started as playful or teasing nicknames. Over time, these labels stuck and became part of everyday language. Read on to learn about the nicknames that originated these 12 common terms.

Image: Alex Kotliarskyi

While it originated as a circus slang term for a performer who carried out bizarre or grotesque acts, "geek" later became a nickname for socially awkward but brilliant people.

Today, the term has been reclaimed and is often worn with pride, generally referring to someone passionate about intellectual or pop-culture interests such as technology, gaming, or science fiction.

Image: Andrew George

"Brainiac" began as the name of a villain in Superman comics during the 1950s. The character was portrayed as a hyper-intelligent alien. Over time, the name shifted from a fictional identity to a general nickname for someone extremely smart.

Today, calling someone a "brainiac" suggests they are brilliant or academically gifted, especially in science or technology.

Image: engin akyurt

The term "Plain Jane" was a nickname for a woman with an unremarkable appearance or personality, with "Jane" serving as a stand-in for the average woman.

Today, "Plain Jane" refers to someone perceived as ordinary or not flashy, usually in terms of looks or style.

Image: Anya Osintsova

This idiom comes from a popular 1960s talking doll named Chatty Cathy, known for its pull-string phrases. The toy’s nonstop chatter led to the nickname being applied to overly talkative people, especially young girls.

Now, "Chatty Cathy" is a common term for anyone who talks too much or dominates conversations.

Image: Claudio Schwarz

"Nervous Nellie" became popular in the early 20th century and was notably used by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to describe overly cautious people.

Today, it refers to someone anxious, jumpy, or constantly worried. Though usually playful, it can suggest that someone is overly fearful or lacking in confidence.

Image: Israel Pereira

"Peeping Tom" comes from the legend of Lady Godiva, whose naked ride was witnessed by a man later named Tom. His act of looking made him an early archetype of the voyeur.

Today, "Peeping Tom" refers to someone who spies on others, especially in a creepy or inappropriate way.

Image: Artem R.

Dating back to a 1765 children’s story about a poor girl who gets a second shoe and becomes morally upright, "goody two-shoes" evolved into a nickname for someone who is exaggeratedly virtuous.

Today, goody two-shoes describes a person who strictly follows rules and often tries to appear morally superior.

Image: Zachary Kadolph

This term was originally a mocking nickname for children who cried easily, and it became a standard expression in playground slang. The simplicity of the term helped it spread quickly.

Now, "crybaby" is used to describe anyone, child or adult, who complains or gets upset too easily.

Image: gazali marimbo

Another well-known nickname, "bookworm," originally referred to someone who read excessively, likening them to a literal worm burrowing through books.

Today, it’s also a common term for an avid reader. While it may still be slightly nerdy in tone, many people use "bookworm" proudly to show a love for reading.

Image: Adrian Swancar

Coined in the 1970s as a humorous insult, "couch potato" originally referred to someone who spent long hours sitting on a couch watching television.

Now, it’s a familiar term for anyone who leads a sedentary lifestyle, especially in front of screens.

Image: Pacto Visual

This term emerged in the early 1900s, playing on the image of a frightened cat jumping at sudden noises. It became a popular teasing nickname for people easily scared.

Today, "scaredy-cat" is still widely used, especially among children, to call someone out for being timid or afraid.

Image: krakenimages

The term "tattletale" originated as playground slang for someone who told on others to authority figures.

Now, it refers to anyone, typically a child, who reports others' misdeeds, especially minor ones.